Data, analytics & monitoringLabel leakage
Your new model aces offline tests. Why does the A/B test show nothing?
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More questions.
Core conceptsThe tail
Every server is slow 1% of the time. Why are 63% of requests slow?
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Networking and APIsHTTPS
Can your company’s proxy read your bank password?
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Data and storageDeep pages
Why is page 50,001 about 45,000 times slower than page 1?
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Messaging and streamsLog tailing
How can an outbox table with zero rows still publish every event?
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Distributed coordinationNo lock needed
Why can a tatkal seat booking skip the distributed lock entirely?
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Running in productionExpand and contract
Renaming one column takes six deploys. Why not one statement?
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Why is it slow? Performance anti-patternsThread pools
Why can fewer than 7 exports a second lock everyone out?
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Multi-tenant SaaSSingle-tenant restore
A customer botched an import at 10:43. Can you rewind only them?
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Architecture stylesDistributed monolith
Your services all share one database. Did you build microservices at all?
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System design trade-offsHerds
50,000 agents poll once a minute. Why do they all arrive together?
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Key technologiesSchema changes
How does a two-second ALTER TABLE take your whole app down?
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Common patternsHot counters
A post gets a million likes a minute. How do you count them?
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InfrastructureHot keys
How do you serve one cricket score a million times a second?
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Social & feedsTweet IDs
Why can’t Twitter number tweets 1, 2, 3, like a database does?
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Real-time & collaborationSync
Your phone spent an hour in a tunnel. How does your inbox catch up?
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E-commerce & bookingHot dates
Everyone wants New Year’s Eve in Goa. Why no waiting room?
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Data, analytics & monitoringWatch the watcher
Production is down, and so is your monitoring. Who pages you?
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Core conceptsWhy not 100%?
Chubby was so reliable that Google took it down on purpose. Why?
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Networking and APIsL4 vs L7
Why can’t the fastest load balancers read a single URL?
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Data and storageConnection cost
Why does your first query wait for six round trips?
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Messaging and streamsSnapshots
Why would loading one busy wallet take half a second?
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Distributed coordinationAvailability
Four participants at 99.9% each. Why are your orders only 99.6% available?
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Running in productionData transfer
Same 100 TB to S3. Why $4,500 one way and $0 the other?
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Why is it slow? Performance anti-patternsThe myth
Will async/await make your slow requests any faster?
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Multi-tenant SaaSFair shares
Why does an “equal” split leave 250 units idle while tenants are throttled?
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