Messaging and streamsRepartitioning
Why did adding four partitions scramble three-quarters of your keys?
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More questions.
Distributed coordinationFencing
A node declared dead wakes from a GC pause. What stops its writes?
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Running in productionScope of impact
Would you rather 100% of customers see 5% errors, or 5% see 100%?
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Why is it slow? Performance anti-patternsDistance
The cart took 240 ms. Why does it take 8.5 seconds from Singapore?
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Multi-tenant SaaSDecide early
Your consumer app has no teams. Why model a tenant anyway?
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Architecture stylesThe weights
A matrix picked a modular monolith. Five years on, microservices. Why?
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System design trade-offsResizing
Why does “we’ll just resize the database” turn into an outage?
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Key technologiesAt-least-once
Temporal recorded the charge exactly once. Why was the customer charged twice?
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Common patternsChunking
Why does a 500-second export finish in 30 seconds with 20 workers?
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InfrastructureAt-least-once
A worker debits ₹499, then crashes before saying so. Run it again?
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Search & discoveryFreshness
Around 1999, Google’s index changed monthly. How is “ipl score” fresh in minutes?
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Storage & mediaView counts
Why does a viral video’s view counter sometimes look stuck?
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Social & feedsGeoshards
Why would a search from Pune ever scan profiles in Peru?
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Real-time & collaborationGroups
One message to a 1,024-member group. Why does the sender upload just 1 KB?
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Location & mapsPromises
The app says “32 min” before anyone cooks. How does it know?
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E-commerce & bookingDelivery promise
Order at 12:10 instead of 11:40, and it arrives a day later. Why?
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Data, analytics & monitoringHot keys
One sponsor’s ad gets 400,000 clicks a second. Why don’t more machines help?
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AI & LLM systemsData rules
A prompt contains an Aadhaar number. Which model is allowed to see it?
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Core conceptsDecouple in time
Why would a slow e-mail provider make your train booking fail?
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Networking and APIsEncapsulation
Your phone sends a 200-byte request. Why do 280 bytes cross the wire?
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Data and storageCrossover
Why does fetching just 1% of rows lose to reading the whole table?
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Caching fundamentalsEarly refresh
How can a random roll stop a cache stampede before it starts?
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Messaging and streamsRetry storms
One tap, 64 database calls. How do retries do that?
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Distributed coordinationStaleness
A restaurant pod crashes. How many calls hit it before callers notice?
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Running in productionPercentiles
One pod in ten takes 1 s. Why does your p99 say 190 ms?
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Why is it slow? Performance anti-patternsSELECT *
Why does SELECT * get slower next year without a single code change?
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